Dynamics of Global Confrontation: A Recent Review

Dynamics of Global Confrontation: Current Overview Current global confrontation is influenced by a variety of complex factors. This description covers the dynamics that arise in various aspects, including politics, economics and security. One of the main aspects is international politics. The emergence of new powers such as China and India has changed the world order. China’s rise as an economic and military power is shaking the hegemony of the United States. This competition is evident in trade and technology. For example, the trade war between the US and China which has an impact on the global economy affects supply chains and triggers inflation. The world economy has also been torn apart by the COVID-19 pandemic, exacerbating inequality and uncertainty. Developing countries recorded significant losses, while developed countries attempted to recover with large fiscal stimuli. This inequality is giving rise to new tensions, with protest movements in various parts of the world demanding social and economic justice. From a security perspective, conflicts in the Middle East and Southeast Asia remain a crucial issue. The crisis in Ukraine has changed the way NATO countries respond to external threats. Sanctions against Russia due to the invasion of Ukraine created long-term impacts on European and global stability. In addition, the threat of international terrorism and climate change are exacerbating the global situation, requiring countries to collaborate more closely in facing these challenges. In the context of cyber security, the increasing number of attacks shows that the war in the digital era has begun. Countries are competing to develop cyber defense capabilities to protect critical infrastructure. Data shows that more than 80% of companies worldwide have experienced a data breach, demanding serious attention from various parties. Climate change is also a major factor triggering global tensions. Countries most affected by climate impacts such as sea level rise and extreme weather are at risk of rescue. Meetings such as COP28 provide a platform for countries to discuss sustainable and just solutions. In the context of international relations, multilateralism organizations such as the UN and ASEAN are increasingly facing challenges to be useful in resolving conflicts. Success in diplomacy depends on the commitment of member countries to uphold international norms and regulations. This becomes complex when major powers disagree, resulting in a diplomatic impasse that hampers efforts to resolve the conflict. Social media also plays an important role in shaping public opinion and influencing protest movements around the world. The power of instantaneous information accelerates the spread of movements, both positive and negative. This shows the importance of controlling information and narratives in the global era. Civil society is also increasingly involved in the diplomatic process. Environmental movements, human rights and peace advocacy are increasingly gaining ground on the international stage. This engagement changes the way countries interact and decide on more inclusive policies. Overall, the dynamics of global confrontation continue to develop, influenced by the collective and individual actions of states. Understanding these contexts and factors is crucial for forecasting future global policy directions, as well as providing an overview of the challenges that the international community still has to face.